Article table of contents: H
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See Maʿīn (Site)
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See Nāʿiṭ
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Hadramitic is the easternmost of the four Ancient South Arabian (ASA) languages, and was spoken in the kingdom of Ḥaḍramawt. During the acme of the kingdom, it extended from the desert of Ramlat as-Sabatayn down to the coastal plain of Yemen, into the Mahra region and even further east up to the Omanite Dhofar. The corpus of formal Hadramitic texts includes about 1500 inscriptions, dating from between the 7th century BCE and the end of the 3rd century CE.
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See Raybūn
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City of ancient Yemen known in classical sources as a major caravan hub and the capital of the kingdom of Qatabān since the end of the 8th century BCE. Located at the northern edge of the Wādī Bayḥān, it was discovered in 1900 by George W. Bury, subsequently excavated by the American Foundation for the Study of the Man (1950-52), and by a joint Italian-French Archaeological Mission in the Republic of Yemen.
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Ḥalfān is a male deity attested in Ancient South Arabian sources. He was worshipped in the area of the city of Haram (Kharibat Hamdān) in the Jawf by tribes that inhabited the region towards the end of the first millennium BCE, such as the Amīr.
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See dhu-Hamdān
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Major tribe and city-state in the Jawf valley that reached its zenith in the 8th-6th cent. BCE. It was centred on the city of Haram (Sab. Hrmm, today Kharibat Hamdān/Kharibat āl ʿAlī). The city of Haram was a lasting ally of the kingdom of Sabaʾ.
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Ancient city-state located in modern Yemen, in the central part of the Jawf valley. Despite the absence of archaeological excavations, the remains of a city wall and an extra muros temple have been identified. A corpus of more than 70 inscriptions from the site provides information on its social, political, and religious background.
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See Hagar
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This lemma outlines the main features of the Hasaitic corpus of pre-Islamic East Arabia. The inscriptions are roughly dated from the 3rd century BCE to the early centuries of the Christian era. The piece discusses their contents, linguistic characteristics, and offers a preliminary linguistic classification.
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Ḥawkam was a major god of the Qatabanian pantheon, in Ancient South Arabia. Two worship sites of Ḥawkam are known so far, both located in the Wādī Ḥarīb: Haribat (now called Ḥinū al-Zurayr), and Maryamatum (now Hajar al-ʿAdī).
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Goddess in the pantheon of Ḥaḍramawt, probably a spouse of the god Syn.
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See Ṣirwāḥ (Tribe)
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Archaeological area located in the eastern region of the Abu Dhabi Emirate in the northern part of al-Ain city, at a distance of 1.5 km from the western piedmont of the al-Ḥajar Mountains. Excavations carried out by Danish, French and local teams brought to light settlements and cemeteries dating from the Bronze and Iron Ages.
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Kingdom of South Arabia founded in the southern highlands of Yemen at the end of the 2nd or in the 1st century BCE. At the end of the 3rd century CE, Ḥimyar had annexed two kingdoms, unified all the South Arabian territories and progressively extended its control over central Arabia. After the Ethiopian invasion followed by Persian domination, Ḥimyar disappeared before the end of the 6th century CE.
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See Chronology of Southwest Arabia (8th cent. BCE-6th cent. CE)
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See Maʾrib