Article table of contents: H

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  • Hadanan [Temple]

    See Maʿīn (Site)

  • Ḥadaṯanan [Temple]

    See Nāʿiṭ

  • Hadramitic

    Alessia Prioletta

    Hadramitic is the easternmost of the four Ancient South Arabian (ASA) languages, and was spoken in the kingdom of Ḥaḍramawt. During the acme of the kingdom, it extended from the desert of Ramlat as-Sabatayn down to the coastal plain of Yemen, into the Mahra region and even further east up to the Omanite Dhofar. The corpus of formal Hadramitic texts includes about 1500 inscriptions, dating from between the 7th century BCE and the end of the 3rd century CE.

  • Ḥaḍran [Temple]

    See Raybūn

  • Hajar Kuḥlān [ancient Tamnaʿ]

    Romolo Loreto

    City of ancient Yemen known in classical sources as a major caravan hub and the capital of the kingdom of Qatabān since the end of the 8th century BCE. Located at the northern edge of the Wādī Bayḥān, it was discovered in 1900 by George W. Bury, subsequently excavated by the American Foundation for the Study of the Man (1950-52), and by a joint Italian-French Archaeological Mission in the Republic of Yemen.

  • Ḥalfān

    Irene Rossi

    Ḥalfān is a male deity attested in Ancient South Arabian sources. He was worshipped in the area of the city of Haram (Kharibat Hamdān) in the Jawf by tribes that inhabited the region towards the end of the first millennium BCE, such as the Amīr.

  • Hamdān

    See dhu-Hamdān

  • Haram [Kingdom]

    Mounir Arbach

    Major tribe and city-state in the Jawf valley that reached its zenith in the 8th-6th cent. BCE. It was centred on the city of Haram (Sab. Hrmm, today Kharibat Hamdān/Kharibat āl ʿAlī). The city of Haram was a lasting ally of the kingdom of Sabaʾ.

  • Haram [Site]

    Jérémie Schiettecatte

    Ancient city-state located in modern Yemen, in the central part of the Jawf valley. Despite the absence of archaeological excavations, the remains of a city wall and an extra muros temple have been identified. A corpus of more than 70 inscriptions from the site provides information on its social, political, and religious background.

  • Ḥārithat [king of Hagar]

    See Hagar

  • Hasaitic

    Ahmad Al-Jallad

    This lemma outlines the main features of the Hasaitic corpus of pre-Islamic East Arabia. The inscriptions are roughly dated from the 3rd century BCE to the early centuries of the Christian era. The piece discusses their contents, linguistic characteristics, and offers a preliminary linguistic classification.

  • Ḥawkam

    Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hajj

    Ḥawkam was a major god of the Qatabanian pantheon, in Ancient South Arabia. Two worship sites of Ḥawkam are known so far, both located in the Wādī Ḥarīb: Haribat (now called Ḥinū al-Zurayr), and Maryamatum (now Hajar al-ʿAdī).

  • Ḥawl

    Serguei Frantsouzoff

    Goddess in the pantheon of Ḥaḍramawt, probably a spouse of the god Syn.

  • Haynān

    See Ṣirwāḥ (Tribe)

  • Hellenistic period

    See Chronology of Ancient Arabia

  • Hīlī

    Walid Yasin Al Tikriti

    Archaeological area located in the eastern region of the Abu Dhabi Emirate in the northern part of al-Ain city, at a distance of 1.5 km from the western piedmont of the al-Ḥajar Mountains. Excavations carried out by Danish, French and local teams brought to light settlements and cemeteries dating from the Bronze and Iron Ages.

  • Ḥimyar

    Iwona Gajda

    Kingdom of South Arabia founded in the southern highlands of Yemen at the end of the 2nd or in the 1st century BCE. At the end of the 3rd century CE, Ḥimyar had annexed two kingdoms, unified all the South Arabian territories and progressively extended its control over central Arabia. After the Ethiopian invasion followed by Persian domination, Ḥimyar disappeared before the end of the 6th century CE.

  • Himyarite period

    See Chronology of Southwest Arabia (8th cent. BCE-6th cent. CE)

  • Hirwān [Temple of Almaqah]

    See Maʾrib

  • House

    See Architecture II. Domestic architecture

  • Hūd

    See Prophets and prophecy in Arabia

  • Hydraulic engineering

    See Water management

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