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Bithnah

Anne Benoist

Bithnah is a small oasis in the Emirate of Fujairah (UAE) along the wadi Ham, comprising several Iron Age sites. The excavated sites include a collective grave (Bithnah-14, 2nd millennium BCE and LPI C period), a fortress (Bithnah-24) and a place of worship (Bithnah-44), occupied during the Iron Age II. The place of worship yielded a series of ritual practices associated with the snake.

Biʾr ʿAlī

Alexander Sedov

Ancient city and seaport of the kingdom of Ḥaḍramawt (1st cent. BCE-6th cent. CE), located on the southern coast of modern Yemen. The city was situated at the crossroads of the sea routes between India, the Horn of Africa, Aksum and the Red Sea. Aromatic resins stored in warehouses were traded from there.

Boustrophedon

See Script

Bow and arrow

See Weaponry

Burial

See Architecture V. Funerary architecture

Cairn

See Architecture V. Funerary architecture

Camel corps

See Warfare

Canal

Julien Charbonnier

A canal is an artificial waterway used for irrigation, drainage or navigation, in which water is in contact with the atmosphere (Bonnin 1984). In ancient Arabia, due to the absence of permanent watercourses, canals were mainly used for the irrigation of agricultural land.

Cavalry

See Warfare

Cella

See Architecture IV. Religious architecture