Ilīʿadhdh / Ilīʿazz Yaluṭ bin ʿAmmīdhakhar

King of Ḥaḍramawt, who ruled in the early 3rd cent. CE.

Ilīʿadhdh (or Ilīʿazz) Yaluṭ bin ʿAmmīdhakhar (ʾlʿḏ ʾlʿz Ylṭ bn ʿmḏḫr) was enthroned no later than 214 CE at the rock of Anwad^um (today al-ʿUqla), near Shabwa, in the presence of foreign envoys from Ḥimyar, Palmyra, Chaldea, and India. His alliance with the king of Sabaʾ Shaʿr^um Awtar was secured by his marriage with the latter’s sister Malikḥalak. Their contacts reached their zenith in 222–223 CE, when the Sabaean sovereign helped Ilīʿazz Yaluṭ to suppress an uprising led by the “freemen of (the tribe) Yuhabʾir” in Wādī Ḥaḍramawt. Another of his allies, the qayl of Radmān Naṣr^um Yuhaḥmid, also provided assistance. After that, Shaʿr^um Awtar and Ilīʿazz Yaluṭ unleashed a war. At the battle of Dhāt (Dhū) Ghayl^um (today Hajar Ibn Ḥumayd), the army of Ḥaḍramawt was defeated, the king was killed or captured, and Sabaean special forces rescued Malikḥalak from Shabwa. The port of Qāniʾ was burned with its ships.

Serge Frantsouzoff

References and suggested readings

Sources

CIAS 39.11/o3 n° 3, CIH 334, Ir 13, Ja 632, Ja 636, Ja 637, Ja 640, Ja 741 = 756, Ja 919, Ja 921, Ja 923, Ja 925, Ja 926, Ja 928, Ja 931, MAFRAY–al-Miʿsal 4, Ry 533.

Studies

• Arbach, M. 1997. Inscriptions antiques. Une défaite du Ḥaḍramawt racontée par les Sabéens (l’inscription Iryânî 13). Saba. Arts – Littérature – Histoire. Arabie méridionale. Revue trimestrielle 3–4: Hadramawt, la vallée inspirée: 42–43.
• Bafaqih, M.A. 1990. L’unification du Yémen antique. La lutte entre Sabaʾ, Ḥimyar et le Ḥaḍramawt, du I^e au III^e siècle de l’ère chrétienne (Bibliothèque de Raydân, 1). Paris: Geuthner.
• Frantsouzoff, S.A. 2014. История Хадрамаута с древнейших времен до конца британского владычества, т. I: История Хадрамаута в эпоху древности [History of Hadramawt from the Earliest Time up to the End of the British Rule, vol. I: History of Hadramawt in Antiquity]. St. Petersburg: Linguistic Society of St. Petersburg.
• Robin, C.J. 1996. Sheba. II: Dans les inscriptions d’Arabie du Sud, in J. Briend & E. Cothenet (eds) Supplément au Dictionnaire de la Bible, t. XII: 1043–1254. Paris: Letouzey & Ané.

_{Alternate spellings: Ilîʿazz Yaluṭ bin ʿAmmîdhakhar, Iliʿazz Yalut bin ʿAmmidhakhar, Ili'azz Yalut bin 'Ammidhakhar, Iliazz Yalut bin Ammidhakhar, ʾlʿz, ʾlʿḏ Ylṭ bn mḏḫr, 'l'z, 'l'ḏ Ylṭ bn mḏḫr, 'l'd Ylt bn mdhr, ʾlʿd Ylt bn mdhr}